Animals, Plants, and Fungi are multicellular, meaning that they have more than one cell in their body. Each cell also has a nucleus in it, a property which the other two kingdoms, Bacteria and Eubacteria don't have.
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What has been suggested as a means for hydrothermal vent organisms to disperse over great distances between vent systems?
Whale falls have been suggested as a means for hydrothermal vent organisms to disperse over great distances between vent systems.
A whale fall is the name given to a dead whale whose carcass has sunk deep into the ocean. This carcass becomes a source of various nutrients for the deep-water creatures.
Initially, scavengers break-down the soft tissues over the first few months. Meanwhile, several opportunists colonize the bones and surrounding sediments. These organic materials enrich the sediments nearby for almost a year.
The skeleton of the whale is rich in lipids. This provides the means for the development of chemo-synthesis-based communities like hydrothermal vent organisms. It also provides a substrate for invertebrate colonization.
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mutation and recombination are the only processes that can increase genetic variation because they are also the only processes that:
Mutation and recombination are the only processes that can increase genetic variation because they are also the only processes that: can produce new alleles.
Recombination is the process or rearrangement of the genes due to crossing over. Crossing over is an event that only occurs during meiosis. This process is essential to produce genetic variations and diversity. In meiosis, this recombination occurs between homologous chromosomes.
Alleles are the alternative forms of a gene. Usually there is only one alternative form but multiple allelic conditions are also possible. The allelic forms occupy similar locus on the two sister-chromatids of the chromosomes.
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If you wanted to see a section through both lungs at the same time, you could make a cut in the __________ of the __________ plane.
The correct answer for this question is coronal, and transverse sections.
To visualize both lungs, the heart, the spinal cord, and the ribs, a cut must be made through the transverse (horizontal) plane. This plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions. Cutting between vertebral levels T5 and T8 will ensure all of these structures are in the anatomical section
The lungs are two spongy, air-filled organs that are positioned on either side of the chest (thorax). The trachea (windpipe) transports inhaled air to the lungs via tubular branches known as bronchi. The bronchi divide further into smaller and smaller branches (bronchioles), eventually becoming tiny.
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The centrosome organizes the ____________ that facilitate movement of chromosomes during ____________ .
The centrosome organizes the microtubules that facilitate the movement of chromosomes during cell division.
Animal cells' primary organelles for arranging microtubules are called centrosomes. Two barrel-shaped microtubule clusters, known as "centrioles," plus a collection of proteins that aid in the formation of new microtubules make up centrosomes.
As the main microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells, the centrosome controls interphase cell movement, adhesion, and polarity and aids mitotic spindle pole organization.
When a cell divides, the centrosomes assist. They keep track of the chromosomal count as the cell divides. Phagocytosis, also promote changes in the cell membrane's structure. It aids in the organization of the microtubules during mitosis, ensuring that the centrosomes are dispersed among all of the daughter cells.
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How could the loss of biodiversity affect humans?
The loss of biodiversity could affect humans by leading to the loss of potential medicine, foods and products and is therefore denoted as option B.
What is Biodiversity?This refers to the variations which exists between organisms which are present in different types of ecosystem.
Lack of variation means there will be shortage of organisms which have differences in their traits or features. This isn't ideal because these differences may be as a result of natural selection which makes them fitter therefore having more beneficial properties.
These are therefore the most appropriate ways in which the loss of biodiversity affect humans.
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Which disorder places a pregnant woman at a higher risk of an amniotic fluid embolism?
Abruptio placentae places a pregnant woman at a higher risk of an amniotic fluid embolism.
Placental abruption (Abruptio placentae): What is it?Abruptio placentae, a rare but deadly pregnancy condition, is the rupture of the placenta. Throughout pregnancy, the placenta grows within the uterus. It adheres to the uterine wall and feeds and oxygenates the developing fetus.Placental abruption, which occurs prior to delivery, is when the placenta partially or completely separates from the inner wall of the uterus. This could cause the mother to have significant bleeding as well as decrease or impede the baby's intake of nutrients and oxygen. Placental abruption frequently occurs in an instant. Both the mother and the child are in danger if it is not handled.Learn more about the Placental abruption with the help of the given link:
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Which example illustrates that individuals' lives are not entirely shaped by social structures?
To illustrates that individuals' lives are not entirely shaped by social structures. Oprah Winfrey was born into poverty but rose to become one of the wealthiest people in America.
What are social structures?The social structure. social structure is important from a sociological perspective because it influences how we behave. It can refer to a group's typical patterns, such as the relationships between men and women or students and teachers. Class Social. according to income, level of education, and standing in the field. Status.
Gender roles, the incest taboo, religious and healing rituals, mythology, marriage, language, art, dance, music, cooking, games, jokes, sports, birth and death because they involve ritual ceremonies as an accompaniment, etc. are examples of elements that may be considered cultural universals.
People learn how to function effectively in a society through a process known as socialisation.
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Why the preparation of apple juice at high temperature produces a clearer juice compared to at low temperature
The preparation of apple juice at high temperature produces a clearer juice because as the pulp temperature is raised to 55°C for the enzymatic depectinisation treatment.
Pectin, a part of the cell wall of fruits like apples and oranges, is broken down by the enzyme pectinase.
Commercially, pectinase is used to help with fruit juice extraction. It shouldn't be overly finely ground, agitated, or heated to more than 35 C in order to make a highly pressable mash (95 F). When using PECTINASES, the reaction and reaction time are normally 30 to 120 minutes, and the temperature range is kept mild, between 20 and 30 C. This serves in part to prevent complete protopectin hydrolysis. Protopectin binds the cells, and when it is hydrolyzed, the fruit tissue becomes more viscous, less pressable, and less robust. PECTINASE is a great addition to the mill, especially for apples with a soft texture. Pectin esterase and polygalacturonase make up a large portion of PECTINASES made for apple mashes (aka pectin glucosidase). These enzymes significantly lessen the pomace's viscosity and stickiness without influencing or lowering its protopectin content.
Pectinase releases the juice from within the cells by enzymatically dissolving the cell wall. The extracted juice is also clarified using pectinase.
hence this pectin dissolves the pectin and other compounds responsible for cloudy appearances and hence a clear juice is obtained.
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The organs for taste receptors are called __________, most of which are found associated with __________.
Answer:
taste: the receptors for taste called taste buds are situated chiefly in the tongue but they are also located in the roof of the mouth and near the pharynx
Explanation:
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Biomedical research has led to the development of technology that can keep ill or incapacitated. patients
alive. How does this technology affect the decision on when they should be used on patients?
After three months of training, during which he was able to lift increasingly heavier weights, abe’s arm and chest muscles became much larger. What happened to the fibers in these muscles?.
After three months of training, Abe's arms and chest muscles grew significantly as a result of muscle hypertrophy, which is a process that is stimulated by lifting heavier weights and results in an increase in the size of the muscles.
The term "muscular hypertrophy" refers to an increase in muscle mass. Usually, this results in an increase in strength and mass of muscles. Muscle hypertrophy is often the outcome of strength training, which is why weight lifting is frequently related.
Abe has been training for three months and has been able to lift increasingly greater weights to enhance his muscular mass through sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar hypertrophy.
During weightlifting, his muscles work against resistance that grows stronger over time. This strains the muscles and damages the fibers, which the body repairs.
When muscles are continually stressed in this way, they adapt by growing in size and strength. As a result, Abe was able to improve muscle growth by focusing on strength training.
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Which term refers to the protective film found on skin that is involved in bacterial protection?
Answer:
The protective film found on skin that is involved in bacterial protection is Acid mantle.
Explanation:
The acid mantle is an extremely thin, mildly acidic layer that covers the top of human skin that serves as a defence against bacteria, pathogens, and other pollutants that would otherwise permeate the skin. Here the sebaceous gland secretes sebum, which when combined with sweat creates the acid mantle layer. The healthy epidermis does have a neutral pH of roughly 7.0, in contrast to the acid layer upon that skin's surface. The standard idea exists that the pH of the skin's surface ranges from 5.0 to 6.0. The acid layer" s pH on the skin can vary widely depending on the state of the skin, with some estimates placing the range around 4.5 to 6.5 as somewhat acidic.
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The amino acids of the standard 20 contain sulfur atom(s) are _____________; all amino acids found in proteins contain a(n) amino group, except
All amino acids found in proteins contain a(n) amino group, except for proline.
What is amino acid?The building blocks of proteins are called amino acids. The building blocks of life are amino acids and proteins. Amino acids are the byproducts of protein digestion or breakdown. Proteins are created by the human body from amino acids to support the body: Destruction of food
Organic chemicals include amino acids. There are carbon-hydrogen bonds in organic chemicals. There is a basic structure shared by all amino acids. A hydrogen atom, an R-group, or side-chain group, a basic amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and a central carbon atom are all connected to one another by a molecule.
As the components of proteins, amino acids serve this purpose. Most chemical reactions that take place within cells are catalysed by proteins.
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Relaying a message from a membrane receptor to a molecule that performs a specific function within a cell is called:________
Relaying a message from a membrane receptor to a molecule that performs a specific function within a cell is called signal transduction.
What is a Cell?A cell may be defined as the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. All living organisms are made up of cells that perform special metabolic functions which are necessary for the survival of living entities.
Signal transduction is the process through which the binding of the extracellular messenger is accomplished to the receptor present on the cell surface. It stimulated physiological as well as chemical changes in living organisms.
Therefore, signal transduction is a process that involves relaying a message from a membrane receptor to a molecule that performs a specific function within a cell.
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Olivia wrote a few steps to describe how carbon circulates between the atmosphere and the land.
Step 1. Carbon is released into the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels.
Step 2. Carbon is absorbed by plants in the process of photosynthesis.
Step 3. Carbon is stored in plants and stored in the soil when they die.
If step 2 is removed, which statement best describes the effects of this missing step on the carbon cycle?
Olivia wrote a few steps to describe how carbon circulates between the atmosphere and the land.
Step 1. Carbon is released into the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels.Step 2. Carbon is absorbed by plants in the process of photosynthesis.Step 3. Carbon is stored in plants and stored in the soil when they die.If step 2 is removed, then that statement best describes the effects of this missing step on the carbon cycle is that the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will gradually increase.
Plants use carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere to produce food through the process of photosynthesis by removing step 2, plants will not be able to take up carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and due to this, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will increase.
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Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials are characterized by _______ of the postsynaptic membrane.
Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials are characterized by hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
What is hyperpolarization?A cell's membrane potential might become more negatively charged during hyperpolarization. Depolarization is the opposite of this. The stimulus needed to raise the membrane potential to the action potential threshold is increased, which suppresses action potentials.
In neurons, the cell experiences hyperpolarization right after an action potential is generated. The neuron enters a refractory phase while hyperpolarized, lasting around 2 milliseconds, during which the neuron is unable to produce further action potentials. K+ and Na+ ions are redistributed by sodium-potassium ATPases until the membrane potential returns to its resting potential, which is somewhere about -70 millivolts, at which time the neuron is once more prepared to transmit another action potential.
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The functional layer of the endometrium is sloughed off during the ______ phase of the uterine cycle.
The functional layer of the endometrium is sloughed off during the luteal phase of the uterine cycle.
The menstrual cycle or uterine cycle is divided into two phases: the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The luteal phase starts when the egg has been released from the ovary and starts to travel down the fallopian tube and ends at the start of the next period. The average length of the luteal phase is about 12 to 14 days.
The luteal phase consists of several events that prepares the reproductive system for pregnancy. Once the follicle has released the egg, it changes into a structure called the corpus luteum. This corpus luteum secretes oestrogen and progesterone to thicken the lining of the uterus, forming the endometrium layer. If the egg gets fertilized, the endometrium lining nourishes the developing embryo, but if no fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum dies and the functional layer of the endometrium is sloughed off during menstruation, ending the luteal phase.
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What type(s) of cell signaling mechanism require(s) a receptor in the target cell for information to be transferred to another cell?
a. autocrine
b. gap
c. paracrine
d. hormonal
The correct answer is options: A, C and D
The types of cell signaling mechanisms that require a receptor in the target cell for information to be transferred to another cell are autocrine, paracrine, and hormonal.
In multicellular organisms, cells transfer information and use various types of chemical signals to communicate with each other known as receptors.
Cell signaling mechanisms are of four types: endocrine signaling, hormonal mechanism, paracrine and autocrine signaling.
In this process, cells transmit, process, and receive signals across their environment and themselves.
Moreover, cells also release certain types of fluids or substances that are taken up by the surrounding cells.
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A new pollution law requires businesses to pay for inspections of their plants by independent pollution-monitoring firms. What effect is this likely to have?.
Given the current circumstances, a new pollution rule that requires enterprises to pay for independent pollution-monitoring companies to audit their facilities has the impact of (C) Reduce Productivity.
This is because if output is decreased, unusual resource wastage can be avoided, which is better to overproduction when independent pollution monitoring firms audit businesses for analysis. These choices are thus appropriate given the circumstances.
Options A, B, and D are not feasible since their effects are not appropriate for the circumstance and are not at all preferred. These choices are hence unsuitable.
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Question correction:
A new pollution law requires businesses to pay for inspections of their plants by independent pollution-monitoring firms. What effect is this likely to have?
A. Increase productivity
B. Increase the capital stock
C. Reduce productivity
D. Increase the demand for labor in those firms
Answer:
A new pollution law requires businesses to pay for inspections of their plants by independent pollution-monitoring firms. Reduction in productivity Effect is this likely to have.
Explanation:
Environmental contamination is a long-standing, well-known issue. Environmental monitoring is essential for determining pollution levels and is the foundation for successful environment protection.
Among the several biomonitors used, plants have a direct connection to the environment. Plant species may be examined in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats, and their responses to various contaminants in the air, water, and soil are often quite sensitive. They may evaluate the effects across time and space as well as identify nearby contaminant sources. Therefore, using plants to analyse and regulate the environment has enormous potential.
The application of plants within the framework of dependable and understandable methods for determining environmental contamination is the main topic of this main issue of Plants.
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Ecology includes studying ecosystems at different levels. arrange these levels from the narrowest, most specific level to the widest, broadest level. place the narrowest level on top.
Ecology includes studying ecosystems at different levels and these levels are arranged from the narrowest, most specific level to the widest, broadest level and when placed from the narrowest level on top as organisms, populations, communities, and biomes.
The study of ecosystems is included by a branch of biology called ecology that deals with interactions between organisms(biotic) and their physical (abiotic) environment. The study of organisms is actually physiological ecology that studies the internal environment of organisms and how the abiotic factors affect them. The abiotic factors present in an ecosystem are temperature, light, water, and soil.
Ecology is concerned with four levels of biological organization - organisms, populations, communities, and biomes. Thus, the levels of ecology from the narrowest to the broadest are organisms, populations, communities, and biomes.
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A substance used in preparing histological sections that binds to tissue components, tinting them and making them easier to discern with microscopic examination is a(n):_________
A substance used in preparing histological sections that bind to tissue components, tinting them and making them easier to discern with microscopic examination is a stain.
What is Tissue?Tissue may be defined as a cluster of cells that have an identical structure and that function together as a unit. It occupies the second level after the cell in a hierarchy of development of an organism.
Stains basically used a type of substance the significantly associated with tissues in order to make observation easier to reveal during practical microscopic experimentation.
Therefore, the stain is a substance that discerns with microscopic examination.
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When the bones of the forearm are supinated (palm of the hand faces anteriorly), the radius is crossing over the ulna. True or false.
It's false that when the bones of the forearm are supinated (palm of the hand faces anteriorly), the radius is crossing over the ulna.
Bones of forearm :Your forearm is made up of two bones, the radius and ulna. Most adult forearm fractures involve both shattered bones. In the middle of the forearm, at the upper (proximal) end closest to the elbow, or at the farthest (distal) end closest to the wrist, forearm fractures are possible.
Why are there 2 bones in the forearm?Functionally, the humerus and carpal bones, which are articulated with the radius and ulna as previously mentioned, serve as the main support structure of the forearm. Both bones act as the origin and insertion points for the muscles that bend and extend the fingers, wrist, and forearm.
Humerus bones :The largest bone in the upper extremity and the one that defines the human brachium is the humerus (arm). At the elbow joint, it articulates distally with the radius and ulna and proximally with the glenoid via the glenohumeral (GH) joint.
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What is one situation seen in natural forests that is not found in palm oil plantations?
Palm oil plantations have more insect biodiversity than natural forests is one situation seen in natural forests.
Biodiversity - The diversity of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our ecological landscape are all included in what is known as biodiversity. These many species and critters collaborate in complicated web-like ecosystems to keep things in balance and support life.
Plantation- A plantation is defined as a community that raises crops or a sizable collection of plants, trees, or other types of flora.
Ecosystem- An ecosystem is a region where a bubble of life is created by plants, animals, and other species interacting with the weather, environment, and other factors.
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Neurotransmitters can __________________ receptors to turn them on or __________________ them to stop them from transmitting.
Neurotransmitters can excite receptors to turn them on and stop them from transmitting.
To influence another cell across a synaptic gap, a neuron produces a chemical signaling agent known as a neurotransmitter. Any significant organ, target cell, gland, or muscle cell that receives the signal could be another neuron as well. These signals enable you to move your limbs, experience sensations, maintain your heartbeat, as well as receive and process all the information your body receives from other internal body components and your environment. From one neuron (nerve cell) to the following target cell, neurotransmitters transfer chemical signals, or "messages."
The majority of estimates suggest that the neurotransmitter transient lasts only a few hundred to several hundred of microseconds, indicating that post-synaptic activation is marked by a significant degree of non-equilibrium.
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5. Why are SI units used so often in science?
a.
Factors of 10 are easier work with mathematically.
b. SI units are bigger than English System units.
Factors of 3, 12, and 5,280 are easier to remember.
d. SI units are more accurate than English System units.
C.
The conversion foot
6
The SI units are preferred because factors of 10 are easier to work with mathematically.
What is the SI unit?We know that there are units that are common to many countries such as the English units and the American units. Now we know that the plentitude of units makes it confusing to use and hence there is a lack of consistence in the reportage of scientific data.
Hence, we know that it is common for many scientists to report research in the SI unit for the scientific community. Hence the SI units are so common in science because factors of 10 are easier to work with mathematically.
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An endocrinologist is teaching about aldosterone secretion. Which information should the endocrinologist include?
An endocrinologist is teaching about aldosterone secretion should include the renin-angiotension system in his topic.
What is renin-angiotension system?Blood volume and systemic vascular resistance are both significantly regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The RAAS is in charge of more chronic changes, whereas the baroreceptor reflex reacts in the immediate term to lowered arterial pressure. Renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone make up its three main constituents. In reaction to lowered renal blood pressure, lowered salt transport to the distal convoluted tubule, and/or beta-agonism, these three raise arterial pressure. These systems allow the body to raise blood pressure over an extended period of time.Learn more about the renin-angiotension system with the help of the given link:
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Relate increase in pulse with gas exchange and anaerobic respiration during heavy activities.
During vigorous exercise, your body cells might not have enough oxygen for aerobic respiration to take place and anaerobic respiration occurs instead. The equation for this is: glucose → carboxylic acid Anaerobic respiration releases less energy than aerobic respiration but it does this more quickly. the merchandise of this reaction is lactic acid.
What is lactic acid?Lactic acid also referred to as lactate, maybe a chemical byproduct of anaerobic respiration. It refers to a process where cells produce energy without having oxygen around. carboxylic acid gets produced in yogurt by some bacteria. it's also present in your gut and blood. Your muscles and red blood cells often deposit the lactate into your blood.
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_____ cells are large, granular lymphocytes that kill virus-infected cells and cancer cells by cell-to-cell contact.
Natural killer cells are large, granular lymphocytes that kill virus-infected cells and cancer cells by cell-to-cell contact.
What are lymphocytes?Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell with a spherical nucleus occurring in the lymphatic system.
Lymphocytes include the following cells;
B cellsT cellsnatural killer cellsNatural killer cells are large granular lymphocyte-like cells with important functions in innate immunity. They lack antigen-specific receptors but can detect and attack certain virus-infected cells via cell to cell contact.
Therefore, natural killer cells are large, granular lymphocytes that kill virus-infected cells and cancer cells by cell-to-cell contact.
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If one strand of a dna double helix has the sequence agtactg, what will be the sequence of the other strand?
a. gacgtca
b. agtactg
c. gtcatga
d. tcatgac
If one strand of a dna double helix has the sequence agtactg, the sequence of the other strand will be- (d) tcatgac
The DNA is made up of two types of nitrogenous bases purines which includes adenine and guanine & pyrimidines which includes cytosine and thymine.
The adenine is complementary to thymine and forms two H-bonds at the backbone of the DNA while guanine is complementary to cytosine and forms three H-bonds to form the DNA backbone.
The two strands of the dna are bind together by the complementary base pairing of the purines with the pyrimidine. Hence if a sequence of one dna is given its complementary sequence can be found out using complementary base pairing rule.
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If two plants that are both carriers for albinism breed, what is the expected proportion of albino seedlings?
The expected proportion of albino seedlings is 1/4.
Carrier- A carrier is a person who has the illness but shows no symptoms; they are able to spread the illness to another person. A vector is a creature that may spread illness from an affected person to a healthy person who is not already afflicted.
For Example, One of the most prevalent hereditary diseases in Caucasians is cystic fibrosis (CF).
Recessive Allele- A recessive allele is a form of genetic coding that, in the absence of a dominant allele, has no effect on phenotype. The more pronounced effects of the dominant allele in a dominant/recessive relationship between two alleles obscure the effects of the recessive allele.
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