All conditioned motivating operations are motivationally neutral before they interact with another MO or before receiving reinforcement or punishment.
a. True
In operant conditioning, negative reinforcement takes the form of removing an unpleasant stimulus in response to a stimulus. Over time, it should become more frequent to engage in the activity that would be reinforced rather than to anticipate having the unpleasant or aversive stimulus removed.
A technique for teaching particular habits is negative reinforcement. In the case of negative reinforcement, something unpleasant or uncomfortable is taken away in response to a stimulus. As the unfavourable thing is removed, the target behaviour should gradually get better over time.
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which group has the duty to supervise and confine those who have been arrested, convicted, and sentenced for a criminal offense?
corrections is the group has the duty to supervise and confine those who have been arrested, convicted, and sentenced for a criminal offence.
What is corrections?pertaining to the discipline and care of those who have broken the law: a correctional programme. Intermediate punishments, probation, detention, prison, and parole are the main pillars of the criminal justice system. One in 35 adults in the United States, or about 7 million people, were under correctional supervision in 2013.
Correctional criminology involves providing DCS with a range of specialised assistance regarding offenders and criminal behaviour. Criminal offender assessments and profiling is one example.
Thus, it is corrections.
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What are the areas with most centenarians people who are over 100 years of age called?
(a) Centenarian
(b) Centuryst
(c) Category 2
(d) Cohort 2
At 0.06% of the entire population, Japan has the highest percentage of centenarians. A person who has attained the age of 100 or more is referred to as a centenarian.
By population, what do you mean?
A population is any collective group that exhibits at least one trait. Populations consist of many different things besides people. People, animals, companies, structures, buildings, cars, farms, objects, and events are just a few examples of populations.
The group of persons from which a statistical sample is drawn for a study is referred to as a population in statistics. A population is therefore any collection of individuals who share a characteristic.
The average determined from the whole population, distribution, or group is referred to as the population mean.
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Who was the German physiologist whose early work involved measuring the speed of neural impluses and exploring the physiology of hearing? a. Gustav Fechner b. Herman von Helmholtz c. Ernst Weber d. Thomas Reid
Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894), a German scientist, studied the physiology of hearing and vision as well as the speed of the cerebral impulse.
What is the purpose of study and studied?
It's crucial to understand that these two words are distinct from one another and, for that matter, have various meanings. The verb "study" is used to refer to learning. However, the word "studies" is sometimes used to refer to research. The primary distinction between the two words is this.
Studying the past or the present?
Study is studied in the past tense. The word "studies" is used in the third person singular simple present indicative form. Studying is the present participle of the verb study. Study is studied as the past tense.
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contemporary school of psychology interested in information processing
The Contempory school of psychology interested in information processing because it mainly focuses on how humans and other animals process and store the given information.
This includes how information is acquired, stored, and recaptured. The contemporary academy of psychology focuses on cognitive processes similar as perception, attention, memory, problem working, and language. By studying information processing, psychologists gain sapience into how people reason, make opinions, and interact with their environment.
This knowledge can also be used to understand and ameliorate a variety of cerebral issues, similar as learning difficulties, anxiety, and depression. also, understanding information processing can lead to the development of new technologies similar as artificial intelligence.
This question is incomplete the complete one is:
Why the contemporary school of psychology interested in information processing?
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what is life like for villagers who migrate to cities? view available hint(s)for part a what is life like for villagers who migrate to cities? opportunities to make money are common. there is often no sanitation. spacious housing is available. there are many job openings. migrants to cities can easily afford their necessities.
The life like for villagers who migrate to cities are:
opportunities to make money are common.there is often no sanitation.migrants to cities can easily afford their necessities. Thus, option (a), (b) and (d) is correct. What is cities?The term “cities” refers to a place with a small population, but all facilities are included. A city is a place located in the geographical center. The city's amenities include parks, infrastructure, and buildings. The cities are the less rural area and more urban areas. The city's advantage is that all facilities are easily available.
According to the migrate to cities are the life is the opportunities are the chance to make money. It was the no sanitation. It was easily afford on the basis necessity on the spend the life.
As a result, the significance of the cities are the aforementioned. Therefore, option (a), (b) and (d) is correct.
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the enlightenment view of addiction is that question 25 options: addiction is not real. there is nothing wrong with addiction. addiction can never be overcome by will-power alone. people are responsible for the choices they make. society is responsible for the bad choices people make.
According to the enlightenment paradigm, the person is accountable for creating the addiction but not for finding a solution.
Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step movements advocate the enlightenment paradigm, which instructs people to seek recovery by entrusting their problems to a greater power.
What is the addiction learning theory?An approach to addictive behavior is provided by a theory of addiction that draws ideas from reciprocal determinism and social learning, and it has both philosophical and practical applications.
What constitutes an addiction psychological model?The cognitive and emotional aspects of addiction to drugs and alcohol—or of going through withdrawal—are generally referred to as psychological dependency. The psychological model of addiction is focused on feelings connected to consuming these substances, rather than the actual changes to the body brought on by drug consumption.
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Do web spiders or crawlers search the Internet for new and updated webpages?
In order to be indexed, updated, and retrieved information when a user does a search query, web crawlers systematically read webpages to learn what each page on a website is about. In order to update their own web material, other websites use web crawling bots.
How does a spider on a web behave?A web crawler, also known as a crawler or a web spider, is a piece of software that searches the internet for information and automatically indexes websites and other online content. Most frequently, these software applications, or bots, are used to add pages to search engine directories.
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how important are institutional factors, such as participation in programs, good behavior, and staff recommendations, for parole
Many institutional factors are important, including liquidity, credibility of professional services, and availability of market information and staff recommendation for parole The ideal situation is when treatment extends from treatment to a follow-up program. It is a way of caring for prisoners so that they can be reintegrated into society. It is nothing more than a tool for social reintegration of prisoners.
One organizational factor known to influence educational attainment is the prestige of an organization. Undergraduate or graduate study at a reputable organization has proven to be a good indicator of future university employment. Compensation systems typically fall into five main objectives Retribution, deprivation, rehabilitation, deterrence, recovery. Many institutional factors are important, including liquidity, credibility of professional services, and availability of market information. The conditions and formal and informal rules of society that limit behavior. These can arise from legislative, administrative, or judicial action and depend on managerial skills, informal norms, and social cohesion.
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tyson has looked at all of his syllabi and has written in his calendar to begin his term paper five days before it is due in class. in the past, tyson has never finished a term paper in less than ten days. but this time, he thinks it will be different because he is now smarter and more experienced. tyson is making what kind of error in thinking?
Tyson is making the planning fallacy as the error in thinking.
What is the planning fallacy example?The planning fallacy highlights our tendency to overestimate the length of time it will take to perform a job, as well as the expenses and hazards involved with that endeavor—even though our experience suggests otherwise.
What is the planning fallacy Kahneman?Participants in these experiments frequently demonstrate the planning fallacy. For example, while university students concede that they have completed previous projects extremely close to their deadlines, they claim that they will complete the next project well ahead of the current date.
What is optimistic bias and planning fallacy?The planning fallacy is a cognitive bias that was initially postulated in 1979 by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky.
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genevieve travels from france to the united states as a graduate student in a hospitality program. is she really a tourist?
If as a graduate student in a hospitality school, Genevieve moves from France to the United States it is not like tourist because Hospitality is concerned with providing accommodations to visitors at hospitality-related industries such as hotels, motels, restaurants, cruise ships, country clubs, casinos, and convention centers, whereas tourism is concerned with providing quality attractions and events to entice tourists to visit.
Tourists purchase services supplied by the hospitality business because they require a place to stay, a bite to eat, and transportation to local events. This is a vital relationship since the more visitors there are, the more services the hotel business sells. On the most basic level, the travel or tourism sector is concerned with providing services to individuals who have travelled away from their customary place of residence for a short length of time. The hotel business, on the other hand, is concerned with leisure and client happiness. Management, marketing, and operations of restaurants and food services, hotels, attractions, recreation activities, and travel-related businesses are all part of the hospitality and tourism employment cluster.
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the two major, original schools of criminological thought are and positivist. group of answer choices classical critical historical theoretical
The two major, original schools of criminological thought are Classical and positivist that is option A is correct.
During the time period of the mid eighteenth century many major schools of criminological thoughts emerged out of which three were the most important. The three important schools of criminological thoughts were the classical school of thought, the positivist school of thought and the Chicago school of thought. These schools further developed to introduce the concepts and measures used for punishment of the criminals. They were superseded by the thoughts of different other thoughts which included the thoughts of feminists criminology, cultural criminology. These schools proved to be the most important thought schools in criminology.
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Complete Question:
the two major, original schools of criminological thought are _______ and positivist. group of answer choices
A. classical
B. critical
C. historical
D. theoretical
kathleen developed an intense fear of flying 5 years ago when she was in a plane crash. the fact that today she can again fly without distress indicates that her fear has undergone:
After being in a plane disaster five years ago, Kathleen experienced a severe phobia of flying. She can fly without anxiety once more today, which proves that her phobia has undergone extinction.
When a feared conditioned stimulus (CS) is exposed without receiving reinforcement, fear extinction is characterized as a drop in conditioned fear responses (CRs). Extinguished fear responses come back with time (spontaneous recovery), a change in context, and unsigned presentations of the unconditioned stimuli, according to behavioral research that suggests extinction is a type of inhibitory learning called reinstatement. There is evidence, nevertheless, that extinction may also be a "unlearning" procedure involving depotentiation of potentiated synapses in the amygdala. It is possible that extinction started soon after fear acquisition preferentially engages depotentiation/"unlearning," whereas extinction started at longer delays recruits a different mechanism. This is because depotentiation is more easily induced at short intervals following LTP induction and is not inducible at all at a sufficient delay.
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T/F today the orthodox church numbers approximately 300 million christians.
The given statement "the orthodox church numbers approximately 300 million Christians" is false because the followers of the Orthodox Churches are almost worldwide through the branch of Christianity.
Today, Orthodox Church have figures roughly around 260 million Christians. The Orthodox Church is also composed of the several autocephalous churches that are very largely independent from one another, which eventually form a fellowship of churches.
These churches are located generally in the Eastern Europe, Middle East, and North Africa, but also have the members in the United States, Canada, and the Australia. The Orthodox Church is also considered as the second largest Christian denotation in the world after the Catholicism. It's characterized by the conservatism and the traditionalism.
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Chinese immigrants to the United States often had an even harder time finding acceptance in their new country than immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe. What was one reason for this?
A.
Most did not practice a Western religion.
B.
Many could not adapt to the American climate.
C.
Many would not obey United States laws.
D.
Most were not able to learn to speak English.
Most were not able to learn to speak English was one reason for this. Hence, option D is correct.
Why was it difficult for Chinese immigrants to enter the United States?The Chinese Exclusion Act, which President Chester Arthur signed into law on May 6, 1882, forbade the importation of Chinese laborers. Chinese nationals were not allowed to apply for naturalization under the statute.
The first wave of Chinese immigrants to the United States arrived in the 1850s, seeking to flee the unrest in China's economy and participate in the California gold rush. Chinese Americans were seen as inexpensive labor after the Gold Rush was over.
Thus, option D is correct.
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Monique is writing a research paper on the holocaust. she interviewed her next door neighbor’s grandfather who is a concentration camp survivor. when she included a quote from his interview in her research paper, she forgot to include a citation. is this plagiarism? why or why not? a. yes, because she acknowledged the source. b. no, because she acknowledged the source. c. no, because she innocently forgot, and since it was an honest mistake, it is not plagiarism. d. yes, because even though she innocently forgot, she still neglected to give the appropriate person credit.
Yes, even though she unintentionally forgot, she still failed to provide the proper credit to the person in question. A pair of parenthesis must be used with every citation. so the right option here is (d)
Describe Citation.
A "citation" is how you indicate to your audience that a particular passage in your writing was taken from another source. Additionally, it provides your readers with the knowledge they need to locate the location information for that source on the reference or Works Cited page.
What 3 categories do citations fall under?
Education, psychology, and the sciences all use APA (American Psychological Association). The Humanities employ the MLA (Modern Language Association) citation style. Business, history, and the fine arts typically use the Chicago/Turabian citation style.
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joe decides to stay out late to party with his friends instead of studying for his pre-med exam. which of the following inner voices is likely to ask him if he is making a good decision? a. inner critic b. inner defender c. inner guide d. inner critic, inner defender, and inner guide
The inner guide is likely to ask him if he is making a good decision
What is the inner guide voice?Your internal monologue, often known as "internal dialogue," "the voice in your head," or a "inner voice," is the consequence of specific brain processes that make it possible for you to "hear" yourself talk in your head without really speaking and producing noises.
When you notice symptoms like music being stuck in your brain, reliving your favorite podcast or movie in your head, or having a discussion with yourself, you may have an inner monologue.
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Buying a house can be described as which of these? A.) Low-involvement decision B.) Reactive decision C.) Programmed decision D.) Nonprogrammed decision
D.) Nonprogrammed decision. Buying a house can be described as a Nonprogrammed decision.
Why buying a house can be described as a Nonprogrammed decision?Buying a house is a nonprogrammed decision because it requires making a unique decision that has not been made before. It involves gathering information, analyzing it, considering various options, and making a complex decision based on personal preferences and circumstances. It also requires weighing the costs and benefits of the decision, which involves a lot of creativity and problem-solving. Furthermore, it is often a long-term decision that can have a lasting impact on an individual's life.
How a person can apply the decision-making process to buying a house?When buying a house, a person should first set a budget to determine what they can afford. Then, they should research the various neighborhoods and homes that fit within their budget. They should also consider the schools, amenities, and other factors that would affect their decision. After this, they should compare the different properties they are interested in and select the one that best meets their needs and budget. Finally, they should negotiate any terms and complete the paperwork to purchase the property.
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why is there no federal withholding on my paycheck 2022
You might have indicated that you were exempt from withholding on your Form W-4. You must fulfill certain requirements in order to be exempt from withholding and have federal income tax not taken from your paychecks.
a reduction in the amount of federal tax withheld in 2022?
The IRS's federal tax brackets for 2022 were not changed from those for 2021.
Why wouldn't federal tax be taken out of a worker's paycheck?
A worker may also use Form W-4 to ask you not to deduct any federal income tax from their compensation if they meet the requirements. In order to qualify for this exemption, the employee had to have no tax liability the previous year and not anticipate having any this year.
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President Woodrow Wilson's political philosophy included all of the following EXCEPTa. the need for substantial reform of US banking and currency policies.b. scorn for the ability of peoples in other countries to govern themselvesc. They wrote scandalous articles for widely published magazines revealing the ills in American society.d. Accelerating the segregation of blacks in the federal bureaucracy.
Woodrow Wilson's political philosophy included all of the following except a belief that compromise was necessary to be an effective leader
Who is Woodrow Wilson?
Total Woodrow Wilson Thomas the 28th president of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, was a scholar and statesman most known for his legislative successes and his lofty ideals. Wilson served as the president of the United States during World War I and afterward founded and was a key proponent of the League of Nations, for which he was given the 1919 Nobel Prize for Peace. The U.S. Constitution's 19th Amendment, granting women the right to vote, was passed and ratified during his second administration. The worst presidential handicap crisis in American history occurred as a result of his paralytic stroke, which occurred when he was trying to win the public's support for the Treaty of Versailles.
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Who decides if an action is constitutional?
china and germany specialize in the production of silk and automobiles respectively. they are considered the best at their specializations. assume that china trades silk with germany in exchange for automobiles. which perspective is illustrated by this form of trade?
This type of trade exemplifies the Heckscher-Ohlin theory viewpoint.
When a country produces in the production of a good, it means that it has a lower cost of opportunity than just its trading partner?When a country has a relative advantage in the manufacture of the a good, it means that it has a lesser opportunity cost than just its merchant. The country will then specialize in producing this good and trading it against other goods.
In which products does Europe have a clear advantage?Germany has an unrivaled advantage in the production of television sets and video cameras. Germany and Europe have competitive benefits in camera and television production, respectively, and should specialize accordingly.
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which four functions are commonly included in historical literature on functional analysis? access to attention, access to tangibles, escape, and control access to attention, access to tangibles, escape, and emotional regulation access to attention, access to tangibles, escape, and respondent access to attention, access to tangibles, escape, and automatic
Functional analysis is a branch of psychology that explores the purpose or function of behavior.
In historical literature on functional analysis, four functions are commonly included: access to attention, access to tangibles, escape, and emotional regulation. Access to attention: behavior can serve as a way to get attention from others, whether it be positive or negative. For example, a child may engage in attention-seeking behavior by acting out or making silly noises to get attention from their peers or teacher. Access to tangibles: behavior can also serve as a means to access tangible rewards, such as food, toys, or privileges. For example, a student may work hard on a project to earn good grades, which in turn leads to rewards such as recognition or higher grades. Escape: behavior can serve as a means of escape or avoidance from aversive stimuli or situations. For example, a person may avoid a difficult conversation by repeatedly checking their phone, or a student may use their phone to distract themselves from a boring lecture. Emotional regulation: behavior can serve as a means of regulating one's emotional state. For example, deep breathing or counting to 10 can help a person calm down when they are feeling angry or stressed.
In conclusion, functional analysis provides a framework for understanding behavior by exploring the reasons or functions behind it.
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a federal statute applies only to those states that agree to apply it within their borders. T/F
It is False that the federal statute only applies to those states who consent to implement it within their borders.
What distinguishes a state statute from a federal one?Only those states that consent to apply a federal statute within their borders are subject to it. Independent regulatory organizations are not governed by the president. Regulations of federal agencies do not supersede those of states when they conflict. A legislative administrative rule does not have legal force on enterprises.
What transpires when state law is absorbed by a federal court?When a national court decides to apply state law, it does so in accordance with federal common law.
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the free exercise clause means that the government will not interfere with the practice of religion true
Yes, the First Amendment of the United States Constitution enshrines the right of citizens to freely exercise their religion without interference from the government.
This clause, known as the free exercise clause, is a fundamental principle which protects the rights of individuals to practice their religion without fear of persecution or discrimination. It also prevents the government from imposing any religious requirement or preference on citizens.
This clause is important in protecting religious minorities and creating an environment of religious tolerance and respect. It also allows individuals to form and join religious organizations and for people of all faith traditions to express their beliefs without fear of government retribution.
This clause is a cornerstone of the separation of church and state in the United States, and it ensures that all citizens are free to practice their religion without interference from the government.
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trudy's mother is afraid of bees. her mother always screams and runs away every time she sees them. trudy, seeing her mother's response, also runs and screams every time she sees a bee. in this case, trudy's behavior can be explained by which theory?
Trudy's behavior can be explained by the theory of observational learning.
Observational Learning - What is it?
Observing and imitating another person's actions, attitudes, or emotional outbursts is a common technique in observational learning. Although it is often assumed that the observed will emulate the model, American psychologist Albert Bandura emphasized that people may instead choose to learn from the behavior. Bandura's social learning theory heavily relies on observational learning. He also underlined that in order to observe and mimic the behavior in any way, four requirements must be met: motivation, retention, reproduction, and attention.
What are Observational Learning Examples?
The following examples show how observational learning has taken place-
• As their parent folds laundry, a child observes. Later, they take up some garments and pretend to fold them.
• A young couple dines at an Asian restaurant on a date. To understand how to utilize these tools, they observe how other restaurant patrons use chopsticks while eating and mimic their behavior.
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does a multicultural approach to medical practice work? or does one glove fit all? (i thought this was worded weird but that's how it was asked)
- Multicultural approach to medicine is imp
- Cultural awareness and humility
- Portugal story
Definition of MulticulturalismMulticulturalism is an ideology that requires the unity of various cultural groups with the same rights and socio-political status in modern society. Multiculturalism is often used to describe the unity of different ethnic communities within a country. Multiculturalism implies recognition of the reality of cultural diversity which includes traditional diversity and diversity of life forms. or subculture.
Part of traditional diversity is ethnicity, race and religion. Meanwhile, the diversity of forms of life is all things that are related and emerge at every stage of the history of people's lives outside of traditional diversity.
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Which factor accounts for the language patterns evident in Central Asia? a. Diffusion along historic trade routes
b. Former Russian control of the region
c. Introduction of Internet technologies
d. Adoption of Islam as the official religion
Option b is the correct choice.
Language trends in Central Asia are a result of the former Russian occupation of the area.
The expansion of Islamic trade directly contributed to the growth of the Islamic faith. Muslims soon expanded throughout West Africa as traders carried their faith there. Islam was expanded via missionaries, trade, pilgrimage, and military conquest.
Culture of West Africa
The westernmost portion of the African continent is West Africa. The region has been inhabited for thousands of years, and its people is ethnically varied yet rather homogeneous in terms of culture. Native communities practise a number of indigenous African religions as well as Islam, Christianity, and other faiths.
As a result of the trade routes' role in the widespread acceptance of Islam throughout the Middle Ages, West African culture was influenced by them.
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which one of the following statements is true? multiple choice question. a single research study will provide answers that applies to all of us. most psychological questions need many research studies to provide answers. most psychological questions can be answered with a single research study. a single research study is likely to provide conclusive answers.
The majority of psychological questions require extensive investigation to find solutions. (B) is really the best option. One should always analytically as well as carefully ingest psychology material since a majority of journalists.
television reporters, and some other media professionals are not frequently schooled in psychological research.
Data collection and analysis is required as the third phase in the scientific process, which entails testing hypotheses through the use of empirical investigation and data collection and analysis.
Most individuals in a trial on the effectiveness of yoga in lowering post natal depression didn't do yoga in anyway. Some people resembled their control group in certain ways.
An experiment's design truly captures the problem it must have been intended to solve. The confirmability of this architecture is regarded as strong.
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the relationship between ethics and legality can best be described in which of the following statements?group of answer choicesan ethical act is always legal.none of these.if an act is unethical, it is always illegal.an act can be unethical, but still be legal.
An act can be unethical, but still legal. This statement best describes the relationship between ethics and legality.
An action is legal if it complies with the law. Concepts of right and bad behaviour are central to ethics. While some activities may be morally acceptable to some people, others may not. For instance, it is acceptable to test medications on animals in many nations, despite some people's ethical objections. Anything pertaining to the law or how it operates is referred to as being "legal" in this context. It is applicable to all customs, terms, dialects, rules, steps, civilizations, and other pertinent ideas in a legal system. On the other hand, the term "ethics" refers to a person's conventional morals and values.
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What caused the creation of the Food and Drug Administration?
Answer: The 1906 Act was passed thanks to his efforts and in response to the public outrage at the shockingly unhygienic conditions in the Chicago stockyards that were described in Upton Sinclair's book “The Jungle."
Explanation: