Rough ER, is membranous organelle that is covered in ribosomes .
In general , the rough ER, is organelle which is covered by ribosomes from its outer surface, they also functions in protein processing. The outer surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum also known as RER is embedded with the structure of protein-manufacturing ribosomes hence, granting him the rough appearance.
Rough ER is also characterized with the existence of membrane-bound ribosomes that help them in giving it a special appearance when observed under the microscope. These ribosomes appears like beaded structure and distinguish the organelle from the smooth sections of the ER.
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which feature distinguishes protostomes from deuterostomes? body plan symmetry position of blastopore in embryo anterior brain presence of mesoderm in embryonic development
The feature distinguishes protostomes from deuterostomes is the position of blastopore in embryo (option B)
Metazoans are classified as protostomes or deuterostomes depending on how they develop during the embryonic stage. Understanding the links between various animal groupings is made easier by this divide. The primary distinction between protostomes and deuterostomes is the development of the blastopore into a mouth in protostomes as opposed to an 4nal opening in deuterostomes.
The fate of the blastopore throughout their embryonic development is the main distinction between protostomes and deuterostomes. A protostome's blastopore matures into a mouth, whereas a deuterostome's blastopore turns into an 4nal aperture.
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starch, glycogen, and cellulose are all polymers of the monosaccharide?
Starch, glycogen and cellulose are all polymers of glucose.
Starch, glycogen and cellulose are all polymers of glucose as they are different at the type of glucose present and the bonds by which they are linked to glucose monomers . Starch and glycogen are composed of alpha-glucose. Polysaccharides are also large polymers made up of tens to thousands of monosaccharides linked to each other by glycosidic linkages. Hence , the three most abundant polysaccharides are starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
Also ,Polysaccharides, or glycans, are made up of hundreds of monosaccharide monomers joined together with glycosidic bonds. Starch and glycogen are common examples of polysaccharides and they works as a storage in form of glucose in plants and animals.
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which of the following statements about gene probe technology is false? a. gene probe technology has been used only since 2000. b. the virapap test is a commercially available gene probe test for detecting human papilloma virus (hpv), the virus that causes genital warts. c. a similar technique can be used to conduct water-quality tests based on the detection of coliform bacteria such as e. coli. d. gene probes and pcr have been useful is in the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (h1v).
Gene probe technology has been used since the 1980s and is a method of detecting specific DNA or RNA sequences in a sample by hybridizing with a complementary probe. Here option A is the correct answer.
Gene probes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been used in the detection of many different diseases and pathogens, including human papillomavirus (HPV), coliform bacteria, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
The virapap test is an example of a commercially available gene probe test for detecting HPV. A similar technique can be used to conduct water-quality tests based on the detection of coliform bacteria such as E. coli. Therefore, statement A is false: Gene probe technology has been used only since 2000.
Complete question:
Which of the following statements about gene probe technology is false?
A. Gene probe technology has been used only since 2000.
B. The virapap test is a commercially available gene probe test for detecting human papillomavirus (HPV), the virus that causes genital warts.
C. A similar technique can be used to conduct water-quality tests based on the detection of coliform bacteria such as E. coli.
D. Gene probes and PCR have been useful in the detection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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canada is home to a temperate rainforest named after which animal?.
A temperate rain forest covering 6.4 million hectares, the Great Bear Rainforest is located on British Columbia, Canada's Pacific coast. The biggest coastal temperate rainforest in the world, it is a part of the larger Pacific temperate rainforest ecoregion.
What are rainforests?
The characteristics of rainforests include a closed, continuous tree canopy, vegetation that depends on rainfall, the presence of lianas and epiphytes, and the absence of wildfires. Tropical and temperate rainforests are just two of the many varieties of rainforest. According to estimates, between 40% and 75% of all biotic species are indigenous to rainforests. Millions of unidentified species of plants, animals, and microorganisms may exist in tropical rainforests.
One-fourth of all known natural cures are found in tropical rainforests, which have been referred to as the "world's largest pharmacy" and the "jewels of the Earth."
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ivf (in-vitro fertilisation) is a complex procedure involving several steps. the woman takes a drug that will inhibit production of fsh and lh. instead, injections of hormones are given daily to stimulate several ovarian follicles to grow and develop. what are the concentrations of hormones given in these injections?
The concentration of hormones given in injection at daily basis, to stimulate ovarian follicles to grow and develop are Estrogen = 60 pg/ml and HCG= between 1000- 4000 pg/ml. in IVF (in-vitro fertilisation)
To encourage IVF (in-vitro fertilisation) the woman to have at least 4 follicles that are between 14 and 20 mm in diameter. At least eight follicles between 13 and 20 mm would be ideal. A good number (about 8–15) of high-quality eggs are desired. Monitoring is done of the developing follicle sizes and blood hormone levels. The number of follicles is measured using ultrasound. Blood levels of the hormone estrogen are crucial. At the beginning of the cycle, estrogen (or estradiol) levels are typically under 60 pg/ml, and they significantly increase as many follicles form. Peak estradiol concentrations with HCG injection during IVF typically range between 1000 and 4000 pg/ml. Typically, the stimulating phase lasts 8 to 10 days. When the follicle measurements and oestrogen levels are optimal for a good outcome, the HCG injection is administered. The ultimate egg maturation must be induced by the HCG injection.
The egg retrieval procedure is scheduled to take place 34 to 35 hours following the HCG injection, just before the woman's body may begin to release the eggs (ovulate). sometimes given an injectable medicine that contains follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), or a combination of both to activate your ovaries. These drugs encourage the simultaneous development of several eggs.
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what change in the experiment would incresase the chance of observing the mobility expected for 22.%kd
To improve the likelihood of finding the mobility predicted for 22 kd, the experiment ought to be carried out at a lower temperature.
Larger molecules can move more effectively in a medium that is less viscous thanks to lower temperatures. Increasing the experiment's temperature would be the adjustment that would reduce the likelihood of observing the mobility predicted for a 22 kD particle. Molecules will move more quickly as the experiment's temperature rises, which will lessen the mobility of the 22 kD molecules. The mobility of the 22 kD molecules can also be decreased by raising the sample buffer's concentration.
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Which part of a DNA molecule holds the code for proteins? A. Phosphate groups B. Hydrogen bonds C. Deoxyribose D. Nitrogen bases
The code for proteins is held in the sequence of nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule. Here option D is the correct answer.
DNA is composed of four nitrogen bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). These nitrogen bases pair up in a specific way, forming the rungs of the DNA ladder and creating a sequence of code that contains the instructions for building proteins.
The nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule determine the amino acid sequence of a protein, which in turn determines the protein's unique structure and function. The specific sequence of nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule is known as a gene.
When a gene is activated, it is transcribed into a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic information to ribosomes in the cell. The ribosomes then use the information in the mRNA to build the protein according to the code held in the sequence of nitrogen bases.
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the process of removing antibody from serum by combining a serum sample with appropriate red blood cells under optimal conditions is called:
The process of removing antibodies from serum by combining a serum sample with appropriate red blood cells under optimal conditions is called adsorption or absorption.
This process involves exposing the serum sample to red blood cells that are specifically selected to match the antibodies present in the serum. The antibodies will then bind to the red blood cells, effectively removing them from the serum. This process is typically carried out under controlled conditions to ensure optimal binding of the antibodies to the red blood cells. The resulting serum is then referred to as "adsorbed" or "absorbed" serum and is free of the antibodies that were present in the original sample. Adsorption is an important step in many laboratory techniques, including blood typing and compatibility testing, as it helps to remove interfering antibodies that can affect test results.
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cells called transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between the tissues and the lungs.
The oxygen is taken up by red blood cells, who then carry it to the body's cells. Erythrocytes, also referred to as red blood cells, carry oxygen to your body's tissues.
What is responsible for carrying carbon dioxide from cells to the lungs?There are three ways that carbon dioxide is moved from peripheral tissues back to the lungs via the bloodstream: Gas that has been dissolved, bicarbonate, and carbaminohemoglobin bound to haemoglobin are all present (and other proteins).
What moves both carbon dioxide and oxygen?All vertebrates have haemoglobin (Hb), an iron-containing metalloprotein, in their red blood cells. Hemoglobin's primary job is to transport carbon dioxide back to the lungs after carrying oxygen to various bodily tissues for energy metabolism.
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A substance is moved ______ its concentration gradient using the energy of ______ .
A substance is moved against its concentration gradient using the energy of an electrochemical gradient.
The cell must employ energy to transfer substances against a concentration or electrochemical gradient. This energy is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is produced during the cell's metabolism.
Pumps are active transport systems that function against electrochemical gradients. Small particles are continually passing across plasma membranes. In the face of these passive motions, active transport maintains ion and other chemical concentrations required by live cells.
These processes may use a large portion of a cell's metabolic energy supply. For example, the majority of a red blood cell's metabolic energy is utilized to maintain the cell's essential balance of external and internal sodium and potassium levels.
Because active transport systems rely on a cell's metabolism for energy, they are vulnerable to various metabolic toxins that disrupt ATP supply.
There are two ways for transporting tiny molecules and materials with low molecular weight. Primary active transport transports ions across a membrane and generates a charge differential across the membrane, which is directly dependent on ATP.
Secondary active transport is the movement of material caused by the electrochemical gradient generated by primary active transport and does not require ATP directly.
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Consider the scenario.
Scientists have developed a computer program that can be used
to predict when volcanoes will erupt.
What type of scientific model is this?
Answer:
mathematical model
Explanation:
The vascular tissue of dead tubular cells joined from end to end that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots upwards to the rest of the plant is called the _______.
Answer:
Xylem
Explanation:
xylem vessels
Which of the following are other natural disasters that earthquakes produce?
Answer: Volcanic Eruptions. Earthquakes may trigger volcanic eruptions.
Landslides and Avalanches. When the Earth moves during an earthquake, a landslide or avalanche can occur.
Tsunamis. Both strong and weak earthquakes have the ability to cause tsunamis.
Flooding.
Liquefaction.
Explanation:
Please help me thank you I need helppppppppppppp
Condition 2 represent the loss of water in enviornment.
What is Osmosis?
Osmosis is the naturally occurring diffusion or passage of water or other solvents over a semipermeable membrane (one that prevents the passage of solutes, or dissolved compounds).
The crucial biological mechanism was initially in-depth investigated in 1877 by German plant physiologist Wilhelm Pfeffer. Previous researchers had conducted less precise examinations of leaky membranes (such as animal bladders) and the transport of water and escape chemicals through them in opposite directions.
Thomas Graham, a British chemist, coined the term "osmose," which is still used to refer to the process, in 1854.
Therefore, Condition 2 represent the loss of water in enviornment.
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switch to a polymer membrane with less free volume. b. switch to a polymer membrane with more free volume. c. raise the temperature of the process. d. lower the temperature of the process.
Free volume in a polymer is the portion of the total mass that is not occupied by the polymer chains themselves, allowing for the placement of diffusing molecules.
It is typically understood to refer to the spaces or pores between polymer strands. Instead, it is thought that the amorphous polymer reaches its glass transition temperature at about 100°C, and that when temperature rises, the gradual transition from a semirubbery formation to the liquid state occurs. Thermal expansion causes free volume to rise to a certain level, at which point the backbone is liberated and the polymer changes into a rubber or leather.
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The holdfast of brown algae functions in ______.
The holdfast of brown algae functions in anchoring the algae. They function to secure the organism to the sea floor.
An algal base has a root-like structure called a holdfast. Similar to a plant's root system, a holdfast keeps an alga anchored to the substrate on which it grows, preventing the current from carrying it away.
The term "algae" refers to a class of mainly watery, photosynthetic, and nucleus-bearing organisms that lack the real roots, stems, and leaves of plants as well as their specialised multicellular reproductive structures. A known 50% carbon dioxide fixation rate for algae. They raise the oxygen level in their surroundings because they are photosynthetic. They are the primary constituents, and numerous creatures depend on them for sustenance. Algae are used to make a variety of commercial goods, including align, etc.
The question is incomplete, find the complete question here
The holdfast of brown algae functions in _____. They function to secure the organism to the sea floor, i.e anchorage.
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how are the x-linked recessive conditions are passed from generation to generation? group of answer choices males and females are affected through their fathers males affected through their fathers males are affected through their mothers males and females are affected through their mothers
A genetic condition or trait can be passed down from parent to child through gene mutations (changes) on the X chromosome through a process known as X-linked recessive inheritance.
A mutation in the gene copy on the single X chromosome, which is present in males (who have only one X chromosome), causes the disorder. The condition can only affect females (who have two X chromosomes) if there is a mutation on both X chromosomes. The daughters are typically unaffected and are known as carriers because one of their X chromosomes has the mutation but the other one is normal if only the father or mother has the mutated X-linked gene. Sons will be impacted if their mother carries the mutated X-linked gene. X-linked recessive diseases cannot be passed from fathers to their sons.
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you are a collection of neurons and your primary responsibility is to speed up and/or slow down the heart and lungs. matter of fact, without you the heart would not beat and your lungs would not breath. you are the:
The structure which is collection of neurons and primary responsibility is to speed up or slow down heart and lungs is medulla.
The foramen magnum, a hole at the base of your skull, is where your medulla, the bottommost portion of your brain, connects to your spinal cord. Your pons is directly beneath the core brain regions of your brain, immediately above the medulla.
The bottom of the brainstem, known as the medulla oblongata, is involved in controlling your breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, and swallowing.
The brain stem's medulla oblongata, where a medullary stroke occurs, is where it occurs. Many of your body's involuntary activities are carried out by this area of your brain, which also transmits messages from the brain to the spinal cord. Paralysis and difficulty with coordination are two severe signs of a medullary stroke.
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why do germinating seeds undergo cellular respiration?
Germinating Seeds require necessary energy to develop and grow so the under go cellular respiration .
In general , the Cellular respiration helps to provide an important means for cells that convert existing nutrient materials into energy. Hence , Seeds require necessary energy in order to develop and grow, the reason why germinating seeds undergo cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration generally takes place inside the germinating seeds, were the carbon dioxide is given off and is directly proportional to the oxygen that seed takes up. for example the Germinating peas also develops by cell respiration for the supply of energy they need to grow and develop.
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similarities between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?
Spermatogenesis as well as oogenesis are both two forms of the process of gametogenesis, in which basically a diploid gamete cell produces haploid sperm as well as egg cells, respectively.
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis basically are the processes which are involved in the formation of the male as well as female gametes. Spermatogenesis is the process which leads to the formation of sperms, whereas oogenesis is the process leads to the formation of ova. The fertilization of this sperm and ova results in the formation of a zygote which eventually develops into an embryo.
Both these processes are the processes of gametogenesis. They are the reproductive phases which include the stages namely multiplication, growth, maturation as well as differentiation. The spermatogonium as well as the oogonium multiply by the help of mitosis to form spermatocytes and oocytes.
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Two pupples are born in the same litter. One has blue eyes and the other has brown eyes. Develop a hypothesis as to
why the pupples have different eye color. Justify your hypothesis In two or more complete sentences.
Answer:
The brown version of gene 1 is dominant over the blue one. Dominant means that if at least 1 of your two copies is brown (Bb), then you will have brown eyes. Geneticists represent the different versions of the eye colour gene as B for brown and b for blue (the capital letter is the dominant, the lowercase, recessive).
Explanation:
which of mendel's postulates can only be demonstrated in crosses involving at least two pairs of traits? which of mendel's postulates can only be demonstrated in crosses involving at least two pairs of traits? segregation paired nature of unit factors independent assortment dominance/recessiveness
D. Independent assortment. The independent assortment law of Mendel is this. An example of this law in action is a dihybrid cross between two characteristics with separate chromosomal locations.
Mendel was able to show the separate segregation of the hereditary variables controlling the precise manifestation of the same trait by the use of a monohybrid cross, such as Aa X Aa. A dihybrid test cross, which takes into account two separate genes during a cross between two heterozygote parents, is the ideal method for producing such an example. The distribution of the two genes' alleles into gametes is predicted by Mendel's concept of independent assortment.
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Which of Mendel's postulates can only be demonstrated in crosses involving at least two pairs of traits?
A. Unit factors
B. Dominance and recessiveness
C. Segregation
D. Independent assortment
the genetic code is: redundant. a quadruplet code. comprised of codons which usually differ at the first position.
Codons usually differ at the first position, which provides the opportunity for subtle changes in the genetic code to occur.
The process by which data encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is converted into proteins is governed by the genetic code. It is how the body transforms the DNA instructions into the constituent parts of proteins. Codons, which are sequences of three nucleotides, make up the genetic code (the building blocks of DNA). Twenty amino acids can be coded for by each of the 64 available codons.
Due to the redundancy of the genetic code, many codons can encode the same amino acid. Redundancy makes it possible for changes in codon usage to occur without having an effect on the finished protein, providing some evolutionary flexibility. Similar to a quadruplet code, each codon in the genetic code is made up of four nucleotides.
Understanding the management and regulation of genes and proteins within the cell necessitates a solid understanding of the genetic code.
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The correct question is-
What is the nature of the genetic code and how is it composed of codons?
Malaria is a tropical, mosquito-borne disease caused by a parasitic protist, Plasmodium. The species P. falciparum is particularly deadly, killing about 1 million people each year. There has been considerable debate over the origin of this species. Use this recent phylogenetic evidence to determine if P. falciparum originated from another strain of Plasmodium in humans, in chimpanzees, or in gorillas. Explain your reasoning. a. P. falciparum originated from Plasmodium in gorillas because P. falciparum shares a most recent common ancestor with Plasmodium in gorillas. b. P. falciparum originated independently from all of these Plasmodium species. c. P. falciparum originated from Plasmodium in chimpanzees because P. falciparum shares a most major common ancestor with Plasmodium in chimpanzees. d. P. falciparum originated from Plasmodium in humans because P. falciparum has originally developed from the common strain of humans and from this strain developed all Plasmodium species, including P. falciparum.
Because P. falciparum and Plasmodium in gorillas have a most recent common ancestor, the two parasites are related.
Is malaria a parasitic protist-borne illness spread by tropical mosquitoes?Anopheles mosquitoes spread the parasite disease malaria, which is carried by them. The parasite Plasmodium, which causes malaria, is a single-celled parasite that reproduces both in human red blood cells and in the stomach of mosquitoes. It is neither a virus nor a bacteria.
What is the origin of Plasmodium falciparum?Humans first developed Plasmodium falciparum after getting the parasite from a gorilla. The parasite lineage Plasmodium vivax is bottlenecked and descended from African apes. Within the gorilla parasite radiation, falciparum established a monophyletic lineage.
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The three main biochemical pathways of cellular respiration are?
The Krebs cycle, glycolysis, as well as the electron transport chain, in which oxidative phosphorylation takes place, are the three main stages of cellular respiration.
The most significant metabolic pathways in humans are glycolysis and glucose oxidation for ATP production. Acetyl-CoA oxidation in the citric acid cycle produces GTP and useful intermediates. disposal of a electrons published by glycolysis acid cycle through oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis, this same citric acid cycle, as well as the electron transport chain are three distinct metabolic pathways that work together to form cellular respiration. While another two pathways are aerobic, glycolysis is anaerobic. Oxygen and glucose are transformed into carbon dioxide and water during cellular respiration. By-products of the process include carbon dioxide, water, and ATP, which is transformed into energy.
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is this population inbred at this locus? the color morph of one species of salamander is controlled by a single locus with two alleles (allele p
Yes, the salamander population experienced inbreeding with F = 0.433.
p = 0.61
therefore, q = 1 - 0.61 = 0.39 since (p + q = 1)
(p + q) 2 = p2 + 2pq + q2
Expected proportion of heterozygotes without inbreeding = 2pq = 2(0.61)(0.39) = 0.47
Expected proportion of heterozygotes without inbreeding = 47%
Observed (given) heterozygous proportion = 27%
(Let's assume the total population size is 100, then the observed number of heterozygotes, as 27 and the expected number of heterozygotes as 47)
Inbreeding coefficient, F
F = (expected heterozygotes - observed heterozygotes)/expected heterozygotes
F = (47 - 27)/47
F = 0.433
It can be concluded that the population experienced inbreeding.
Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was:
Is this population inbred at this locus? The color morph of one species of salamander is controlled by a single locus with two alleles (allele p=0.61). If 27% of the salamanders in this population are heterozygous at this locus, can you conclude that this population is experiencing inbreeding? Hint: What is the expected heterozygous proportion with No. inbreeding?
Yes, because F = 0.433Yes, because F = 1Yes, because F = 0.569No, because F = 0The correct answer is the first option.
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A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is to?
The bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an example of a unicellular organism. Which of the following statements about E. Coli bacteria is true?
Question 3 options:
E. coli bacteria consist of a single cell.
E. coli bacteria are not alive.
E. coli bacteria can not reproduce.
help ASAP!!!!!
The true statement about E. Coli bacteria is that E. coli bacteria consist of a single cell. The correct option is A.
What are E. Coli bacteria?E. coli bacteria is a single-celled organism that comes under the family, Enterobacteriaceae, the enteric bacteria. This bacterium has a rapid growth rate, and it is found in the intestine of a healthy human being. They help in the digestion of some food.
They are single-celled organisms, so the first option is true, and they are living being so, the second option is wrong, and they reproduce at a rapid rate, so the third is also wrong.
Therefore, the correct option is A. E. coli bacteria consist of a single cell.
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which of the following does not contain sugars? choose one: a. steroids b. cellulose c. glycolipids d. nucleotides e. glycoproteins
The option that does not contain sugars is steroids. the following does not contain sugars
Steroids are a type of organic molecule that are characterized by a specific ring structure and play important roles in the body, such as regulating hormone levels, metabolism, and inflammation. They do not contain sugars.
Cellulose is a type of polysaccharide that is the main structural component of plant cell walls and is composed of repeating glucose units.
Glycolipids are lipids that contain a sugar moiety attached to a lipid backbone and are important components of cell membranes.
Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, and consist of a sugar moiety, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
Glycoproteins are proteins that have sugar moieties attached to them, which can play important roles in cell-cell interactions and the immune response.
In conclusion, steroids do not contain sugars, while cellulose, glycolipids, nucleotides, and glycoproteins all contain sugars in their structures.
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A rainforest area is experiencing a severe drought. As a consequence, the insect population has decreased. What will the insect-eating birds most likely do as a result of the drought?
answer choices
stop searching for food until it begins to rain
begin reproducing to increase population
move to a new area to find food
start the process of hibernation
If due to a drought in a rainforest, the insect population is decreasing, then, the insect eating birds will try to move to a new area in order to find food.
Hence, the correct option is option c.
A prey-predator relationship is very important as it keeps the population of the prey in check by the predator. The predator needs to kill and eat the prey in order to survive. Sometimes, due to a natural calamity or any other reason, the prey population gets reduced or completely eliminated which puts the survival of the predators at risk.
A particular rainforest is experiencing a drought because of which the population of the insects living in that rainforest has decreased, then the birds who feed on these insects will move to a new area in order to find food for themselves.
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