Both the sodium cation and the chloride anion that are created when a particle donates a particle to a nucleophile have full valence shells and are thus more stable energetically.
What occurs when you consume too much sodium?And when your body begins to dilute more sodium with water, it increases the volume of your blood and makes you retain fluid. Consequently, the excessive thirst, bloating, and increased blood pressure. Additionally, this process puts stress on your heart, blood vessels, and kidneys if you routinely consume too much salt.
What does food sodium mean?Many foods include the mineral sodium. Your body requires salt to maintain healthy neuron and muscle function. The equilibrium of bodily fluids is also maintained. Almost all table salt
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the two different types of bonds between carbohydrate monomers found in carbohydrate polymers are and .
The two different types of bonds between carbohydrate monomers are α- and β- glycosidic bonds.
What are carbohydrate polymers?Carbohydrate polymers are long chains of repeating monomer units, called saccharides or simple sugars, linked by glycosidic bonds. Examples of carbohydrate polymers include starches, cellulose, and glycogen.
We must note that the carbohydrate polymers can be found in a number of the living things and can be applied in the production of fabrics. The kinds of bonds there are the α- and β- glycosidic bonds.
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I’ve been having a hard time with percents in chemistry, could anyone help?
Question: The percentage of nitrogen, by mass, in copper(II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2, is….
1) 14.9%
2) 33.9%
3) 36.5%
4) 40.2 %
5) 45.1%
Explanation:
3) 36.5%
The percentage of nitrogen, by mass, in copper(II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2, is 36.5%
if a substance undergoes a constant-pressure expansion at a pressure higher than its critical pressure, can it undergo a phase change? if so, what phases are involved?
No, a substance cannot undergo a phase change if it undergoes a constant-pressure expansion at a pressure higher than its critical pressure.
The critical pressure is the highest pressure at which a substance can exist in a gaseous state, and if the pressure is above this value, the substance will always remain in a supercritical fluid state, possessing properties of both a liquid and a gas. In a supercritical fluid state, the substance does not have distinct phase boundaries, so it cannot undergo a phase change. Therefore, if a substance is subjected to a constant-pressure expansion at a pressure higher than its critical pressure, it will remain in the supercritical fluid state, undergoing a smooth transition between gas-like and liquid-like behavior.
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The Site Where Communication Occurs Between Neurons Through The Release Of Chemicals Is Called ? A. Axon B. Synapse C.Cell Body D. Dendrit
Site of Neuronal Communication, where Chemicals are Released Synapse: The connection between a neuron's axon and dendrite at which two neurons exchange information.
How do synapses function?The connectors known as synapses are where neurons converse with one another. At the synapse, a neuron connects with an aim cortex cell. Chemical messengers are used by most synapses to interact with one another.
What does a brain synapse do?Synapses are the points where neurons connect and communicate. Each neuron has anything from a few to hundreds of millions of synaptic connections, which may be with other neurons inside its own part of the brain, neurons nearby, or neuron in other regions.
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I need help with both questions on this picture please and thank you very much
14. The type of reaction is combustion reaction.
15. Decomposition reaction: AB → A + B
Synthesis reaction: A + B → AB
Displacement reaction: A + BC → AC + B
Combustion reaction: Fuel + O2 → CO2 + H2O
Combination reaction: A + B + C → ABC
What is combustion reaction?Combustion reactions are described as chemical reactions in which a fuel reacts with an oxidizer to produce heat, light, and waste products
Combustion reactions are characterized by the presence of oxygen and the release of energy in the form of heat and light.
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The main reason for the extremely low solubility of carbon dioxide in benzene (C6H6) at room temperature is due to which of the following?
a. the increased disorder due to mixing of the solute and solvent
b. the relatively low strength of the intermolecular forces between carbon dioxide and benzene
c. the strong hydrogen bonding in benzene
d. the weak solvation of carbon and oxygen ions by benzene
This same intermolecular forces between carbonic acid and benzene (C6H6) are quite weak, primary cause of the incredibly low soluble of atmospheric co2 throughout benzene (C6H6) at ambient temperature.
What does the word "intermolecular forces" mean?A force of attraction or repellent between two nearby atoms, compounds, or ions is known as an intermolecular force. Dispersion, Dipole-Dipole, Hydrophobic Interactions, and Ion-Dipole are a few examples of intermolecular forces.
Intermolecular forces are what bonds?Van der Waals interactions including hydrogen bonds are examples of electromagnetic molecular structure. Intermolecular contacts, which hold molecules to one another in liquids and lock polyatomic ions apart, are weaker from nucleophilic attractions, what hold the atoms within molecules together.
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If 50 g of sugar were added to 100 g of water at 20 oc to form a solution, how would you describe the solution?
According to one estimate, sugar dissolves 180g in 100g of water at 20°C. This demonstrates that a saturated solution would result from the dissolution of that much sugar in 100g of water.
How is water solubility determined?The amount of a substance that can dissolve completely in a solvent at a specific temperature is known as its solubility. A saturated solution is one such example. Calculate the solubility in g/100g by dividing the mass of the compound by the mass of the solvent, then multiplying by 100 g.
Solubility per 100 grams is what?The mass of a solid needed to saturate 100 g of water at a specific temperature is known as its solubility. A solute's solubility is expressed in grams per 100 grams of water. Scaling the solubility values up or down is an option if the water mass is less than 100 g.
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Suppose you have 100.00 ml of a solution of a dye and transfer 2.00 ml of the solution to a 100.00ml volumetric flask. after adding water to the 100.00 ml mark, you take 5.00 ml of that solution and again dilute to 100.00 ml. if you find the dye concentration in the final diluted sample is 0.000158 m, what was the dye concentration in the original solution?
The final diluted solution is 0.000158M, then the dye concentration in the original solution is 0.158 M.
When 5 ml of the solution was taken in that stage the number of moles of dye present in the solution at that time is same after diluting it with water to a volume of 100 ml.
So, Number of moles of dye in 5 ml = number of moles in final dilution
Molarity of dye in 5 ml x Volume of solution = Molarity in final dilution x final volume
M x 5ml = 0.000158 x 100
M = (0.000158 x 100)/ 5
= 0.0158/5
= 0.00316 M
Now, the number of moles present in 2 ml of the sample = number of moles on diluting it 100 ml.
Molarity of dye in 2 ml x Volume = molarity on diluting it x volume on diluting it
M x 2 ml = 0.00316 x 100
M = (0.00316 x 100)/2
= 0.158 M
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a disulfide bridge is an example of which type of bond?
A disulfide bridge is an example of Covalent bond between R groups.
A disulfide bridge is a form of a bond, right?Disulfide bridges are also known as S-S bonds or disulfide bonds. These covalent bonds between two cysteine amino acids' sulfur atoms serve to stabilize proteins' tertiary and higher-order structures.
What kinds of bonding contain disulfides?The linkage, which is also known as an SS-bond or occasionally a disulfide bridge, is typically created by joining two thiol groups. Disulfide bridges between thiol groups in two cysteine residues play a significant role in the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins in biology.
What kind of molecule are disulfide bonds?Disulfide bonds are a crucial structural component that stabilizes the 3D structure of mature proteins and/or causes them to display physiologically significant. They are primarily present in membrane proteins' extracellular domains and secretory proteins.
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silver chloride contains 56.34 % ag by mass. calculate the mass (in kg) of silver chloride required to plate 165 micrograms of ag.
The mass of silver chloride (AgCl) required is 390mg when it contains 56.34 % ag by mass and 165 micrograms of Ag.
Given silver chloride contains (p1) = 56.34 % ag by mass
Then, 1 mole of AgCl contains 0.5634 moles of Ag
1 mole of Ag is obtained from 1/0.5634 mole of AgCl
The mass of silver (Ag) = m = 165mg = 165 x 10^-6g
The atomic mass of silver (M) = 107g/mole
Then the number of moles of Ag required (n) = 165/107 = 0.00154mole
Now 0.00154 mole of Ag is obtained from = 0.00154/0.5634 = 0.00273 moles of AgCl.
The molar mass of AgCl = 143g/mole
mass of AgCl required = moles x molar mass = 0.00273 x 143 = 0.390g
Hence the mass of AgCl required is 390mg
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give the structure of the principal organic product formed on reaction of benzyl bromide with sodium ethoxide.
The principal organic product formed from the reaction of benzyl bromide with sodium ethoxide is benzyl alcohol (C6H5CH2OH).
The reaction mechanism involves the deprotonation of benzyl bromide by sodium ethoxide to form the benzyloxide intermediate, which then undergoes elimination to produce benzyl alcohol and sodium bromide as the final products.
The reaction between benzyl bromide (C6H5CH2Br) and sodium ethoxide (NaOCH2CH3) can be described as follows:
Deprotonation: Sodium ethoxide acts as a strong base and deprotonates the benzyl bro mide, abstracting a hydrogen ion (H+) from the alpha-carbon. This produces a benzyloxide intermediate (C6H5CH2O-).Elimination: In this step, the benzyloxide intermediate undergoes a dehydration reaction, losing a molecule of water (H2O) to form benzyl alcohol (C6H5CH2OH) and sodium bromide (NaBr) as the final products.
The reaction between benzyl bromide and sodium ethoxide is a classic example of an alkoxide-promoted deprotonation and elimination reaction, which is a common method for synthesizing alcohols from alkyl halides.
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1. At Time 1, a cool air mass is moving from Location 1 toward a stationary warm air mass at Location 2. After the cool air mass collides with the warm air mass at Time 2, clouds begin to appear over Location 2. The partial model below shows the two air masses at Time 1, but does not show their interaction at Time 2.
The warm and the cool air masses affects the formation of clouds and precipitation.
Does warm and cool air masses affect cloud formation?Warm and cool air masses can affect cloud formation. Clouds are formed when water vapor in the atmosphere rises and cools, condensing into tiny water droplets or ice crystals. The type and amount of clouds that form can be influenced by the temperature and moisture content of the air masses.
In general, the interaction between warm and cool air masses can result in cloud formation and precipitation.
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what is the term for an electrochemical signal that enables a neuron to communicate with other cells?
Action potentials, a type of electrical event, and chemicals neurotransmitters are two ways that neurons can communicate with one another well at intersection of two neurons (synapse),
What are some electrochemical instances?The typical 1.5-volt cell, which powers various electrical devices like TV remote controls and clocks, is an instance of an electrolytic cell. Electrolytic cells or single pv cells are those that can produce an electric charge as a result of chemical reactions going to take place inside of them.
What is electrochemistry's foundation?Electrochemistry, as its title suggests, is the investigation of modifications that cause the movement of electrons. Electricity is the term given to this flow of electrons. Electric Chemistry
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what nacl concentration results when 234 ml of a 0.840 m nacl solution is mixed with 492 ml of a 0.210 m nacl solution?
0.411 M nacl concentration results when 234 ml of a 0.840 m nacl solution is mixed with 492 ml of a 0.210 m nacl solution?
The final concentration of NaCl will be the total moles of NaCl divided by the total volume in liters.
moles NaCl:
234 mls x 1 L / 1000 ml x 0.840 mol/L = 0.196 mols NaCl
492mlx x 1 L / 1000 ml x 0.210 mol/L = 0.103mols NaCl
Total moles = 0.196 + 0.103 = 0.299 moles NaCl
Total volume (L) = 0.234 L + 0.492 L = 0.726 L
Final [NaCl] = 0.299 mols / 0.726 L = 0.411 M (3 sig. figs.)
In 250 mL of a 0.5 M NaCl solution, how many moles of sodium chloride are there?
This leads us to the conclusion that there are 0.125 moles and 7.32 grams of sodium chloride, respectively, in 250 mL of a 0.5 M NaCl solution.
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given a molecular formula, how would you calculate the molecular weight of a compound? provide an example
The molecular weight of a compound is calculated by adding up the atomic weights of all the atoms in its molecular formula.
let's consider the molecular formula of glucose, C6H12O6. To calculate its molecular weight, we need to find the atomic weight of each element in the formula and add them up.
To find the atomic weight of an element, you can look up its atomic number in the periodic table and refer to the atomic weight listed there.
Carbon (C) atomic weight = 12.01 g/mol
Hydrogen (H) atomic weight = 1.01 g/mol
Oxygen (O) atomic weight = 16.00 g/mol
So the molecular weight of glucose is calculated as:
= (6 x 12.01) + (12 x 1.01) + (6 x 16.00)
= 72.06 + 12.12 + 96.00
= 180.18 g/mol
Therefore, the molecular weight of glucose is 180.18 g/mol.
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if the stock ampicillin solution is 10 mg/ml, how much of the stock solution should be added to 50 ml of lb broth for a final concentration of 100 ug/ml ampicillin?
If the stock ampicillin solution is 10 mg/mL, the stock solution should be added to 50 mL of lb broth for a final concentration of 100 ug/mL ampicillin would be 0.505 mL
When making experimental solutions, a volume of a stock solution with a certain concentration is added to the diluted solution to increase its concentration. This following formula can be used to determine the stock solution's volume:
Cstock x Vstock = Cfinal x Vfinal
Take note that the value Vfinal represents the total volume of the solution (the volume of the stock plus the volume of the medium for bacterial growth).
Thus, the stock solution should be added would be:
(10 mg/mL) x (X) = (0.1 mg/mL) x (50 mL + X)
X = 0.505 mL ampicillin stock solution
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when phenol is treated with the exces s bromine water it gives
Answer:
bromophenol
Explanation:
when phenol is treated with excess bromine water, it gives bromophenol. This reaction is an example of electrophilic substitution in which the phenol molecule acts as an electron-rich substrate and the bromine in bromine water acts as an electrophile, leading to the substitution of a hydrogen atom in phenol with a bromine atom.
Answer:
it gives 2,4,6-Tribromophenol.
If the following equation is correctly balanced, what would be the correct sequence of coefficients?
The correct sequence of coefficients in the above chemical equation is as follows: 1, 1, 2 (option B).
What are coefficients in a balanced equation?Coefficients refer to a constant by which an algebraic term is multiplied.
A coefficient is used to balance a chemical equation, which is said to be balanced when the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation are the same.
According to this question, the following equation is given as follows:
H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl
This means that the sequence of coefficients is as follows: 1, 1, 2.
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To test this hypothesis, you changed the of the gas between 0 and 100°c (273 and 373 k) and calculated the resulting of the gas.
You calculated the volume of the gas after varying the temperature of the gas between 0 and 100°C (273 and 373 K) in order to test this theory. Consequently, the dependent variable was volume, while the independent variable was temperature.
Since the temperature is absent from this equation, Charles's Law was not established. In addition to being identical to Dalton's earlier estimate for vapours, Gay-estimate Lussac's of k (12.6666) was also astonishingly near to the current estimate of 12.7315. T1 is the starting temperature, while T2 denotes the ending temperature. Both temperatures are expressed in Kelvin. A gas's volume changes when its temperature changes, Jacques Charles, a French physicist, found in 1787 while maintaining a constant pressure.
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Answer:
1.) temperature and volume for both questions.
2.) beaker
3.) C- The beaker will not tip over when placed on the hot plate.
4.) C and D
5.) 0.0026
6.) 0.0026 again
7.) orange line
8.) title and label for each axes
9.) row B
10.) The capillary tube was too close to the bottom of the beaker.
The ruler may have moved.
Water got into the capillary tube.
The temperature was not allowed to equilibrate in the 2-4 minutes.
11.) 1,2,and 3
Explanation:
That is all the answers to the assignment. I hope this helps. :)))
it has been found that ddt in the soil decomposes by a first-order reaction with a half-life of 12.0 years. how long would it take ddt in a soil sample to decompose from a concentration of 235 ppbm (parts per billion by mass) to 15 ppbm?
It would take 25.3 years for DDT in a soil sample to decompose from a concentration of 235 ppbm (parts per billion by mass) to 15 ppbm
The rate of a first-order reaction is given by:
d[DDT]/dt = -k[DDT]
Where [DDT] is the concentration of DDT, t is time, and k is the rate constant, which is related to the half -life (t1/2) by:
k = 0.693 / t1/2
For DDT with a half-life of 12 years, the rate constant can be calculated as:
k = 0.693 / (12 years) = 0.0577 / year
To find the time required to reduce the DDT concentration from 235 ppbm to 15 ppbm, we can use the integrated form of the first-order rate equation:
[DDT] = [DDT]0 * e^(-kt)
Where [DDT]0 is the initial concentration of DDT. Solving for t when [DDT] = 15 ppbm, we get:
t = (1/k) * ln([DDT]0 / [DDT]) = (1/k) * ln(235 ppbm / 15 ppbm)
Plugging in the value for k, we find:
t = (1/0.0577) * ln(235 ppbm / 15 ppbm) = approximately 25.3 years
So it would take approximately 25.3 years for the DDT concentration in the soil sample to decrease from 235 ppbm to 15 ppbm.
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how long will an unopened spiral ham last in the refrigerator?
Unopened spiral hams can be kept in this same refrigeration for one week. However, you can freeze your ham if you wish to increase its shelf life.
How would you define refrigeration?Reducing heat from a container or a substance in order to lower the temperature is known as refrigerator. Evaporator, compression, condenser—these are the four essential elements of the refrigeration system.
What is the refrigeration principle?In a morning peak hours, a refrigerator is a chemical that moves heat from one place to another. A refrigerant passes through the foods in a refrigerator, absorbing heat from them and transferring it to an area with a lower temperatures.
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what will happen to the rate if the concentration of a doubles, holding everything else constant?
A. Nothing
B. Doubles
C. Decreases by 1/2
D. Quadruples
E. Decreases by 1/4
B. The rate doubles if the concentration of a doubles, holding everything else constant.
How does concentration impact the reaction's speed?There are additional reactant particles travelling together as the reactant concentration rises. Due to the increased number of collisions, the reaction rate will be higher. The rate of a reaction will rise with both the concentration of the reactants.
What are the three things that influence a reaction's rate?Many different factors, such as reactant concentration, surface area, temperature, and catalysts, affect the speed of a chemical reaction.
What does "pace of reaction" mean?Reaction rate is the rate at which a chemical reaction progresses forward. It is frequently defined in terms of either the concentration of a reactant that is consumed in a period of time or the concentration of a product that is produced in a unit of time (amount per unit volume).
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indications for using silver diamine fluoride include low to moderate caries risk. group of answer choices true false
"True: Silver diamine fluoride is indicated for low to moderate caries risk."is a topical treatment for dental caries
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical treatment for dental caries (tooth decay) that has been used for many years in several countries. One of the main indications for using SDF is low to moderate caries risk. SDF works by stopping the progression of caries and inhibiting the growth of bacteria that cause tooth decay. The active ingredient in SDF, silver, has antibacterial properties that help to prevent the spread of decay and promote healing. Additionally, the fluoride in SDF helps to strengthen the teeth and prevent further decay. The use of SDF has been shown to be effective in reducing caries progression in children and adults with low to moderate caries risk. As a result, SDF is a valuable tool for managing and preventing dental caries in individuals who are at low to moderate risk for the development of caries.
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what trend in ionization energy do you see as you move down a group?
Ionization energy often rises over a time and falls over a group.
What is the ionization energy trend when you descend a group?First ionization energy often drops as you advance down a group on the periodic table. This occurs because the outer electron is often held less securely and may be removed with less energy because it is farther away from the nucleus.
What is the downward trend in the group?The periodic table's atomic radius rises as you move down a group. The outermost electrons of an atom is put in a shell farther away from the nucleus as we move down a group. This indicates that it is less subject to the positive nucleus' electrostatic attraction.
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How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 2g of water from 10c to 20c
Answer:
41.8g
Explanation:The equation for working out the amount of thermal energy required is q=mcΔT, where q is the amount of energy, m is the mass being heated up in grams, c is the specific heat capacity of what you're heating up in joules per gram per kelvin, and ΔT is the change in temperature in degrees Celsius or Kelvin (technically it should be in Kelvin but for a change in temperature, Celsius is the same as Kelvin).In this case, the mass is 2.0g, the specific heat capacity of water is 4.18J/g/K, and the change in temperature is 5.0°C=5K, therefore the energy needed to raise it is: 5×2×4.18=41.8J.This is only theoretical though, in the real world a lot of heat would be lost to the surroundings, so it would require more energy than this.
What type of bond involves two atoms sharing electrons that travel around the nuclei?
A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms.
What is covalent bond?An atoms are held together by a covalent bond, which is formed when electrons from two nuclei orbit both nuclei simultaneously. When electrons are shared, a stable configuration of electrons is produced that fits both atoms' electron configurations.
Many of the molecules that make up the human body and the environment around us include covalent bonds, including water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and several organic compounds including sugars and amino acids. The amount of shared electrons and the separation between the nuclei of the atoms participating in a covalent bond determine how strong the bond is.
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a 14.71 g sample of nabr contains 22.34% na by mass. how many grams of sodium does a 6.45 g sample of sodium bromide contain?
1.44 grams of sodium does a 6.45 g sample of sodium bromide contain.
What is sodium bromide?
The chemical compound sodium bromide has the formula NaBr. It is synthetic. It resembles sodium chloride and is a highly volatile, white, crystalline substance. The bromide radical is frequently utilised with this salt. In the chemistry and pharmaceutical industries, this salt has several uses. It cannot naturally occur in the rocks or naturally occurring minerals due to its solubility. Halides, chlorides, and iodides are a few of the chemical substances that are recovered from the ocean water.
22.34% of the mass of Na will be present in any sample of NaBr.
Thus, the 14.71 g is unimportant.
22.34 % of 6.45 = 0.2234 x 6.45 = 1.44093g
Cite your response for 3 significant numbers, which is 1.44 g, since 22.34 has 4 significant figures and 6.45 has 3.
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Why is kelp forest density higher when otter populations are at their highest?
without doing a calculation, which of the bonds below would you expect to have the higher stretching frequency?
The bond with the highest stretching frequency would be the C=O (carbonyl) bond.
Stretching frequency of a bond: The mass effect on stretching frequencies is particularly evident when deuterium isotope equivalents are compared with the corresponding hydrogen functions. Thus, the stretching frequency of a free O-H bond will be 3600 cm-1, but the O-D equivalent is lowered to 2600 cm-1.
The bond with the higher stretching frequency is usually the bond with a higher bond order.
Here are the expected bond order of the bonds below:
C-O (carbonyl): Double bond
C-C (alkane): Single bond
C-H (alkyl): Single bond
So, the bond with the highest stretching frequency would be the C=O (carbonyl) bond.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Without doing a calculation, which of the bonds below would you expect to have the higher stretching frequency? C-O or C=O"--
at , substance a has a vapor pressure of and substance b has a vapor pressure of . which has a higher enthalpy of vaporization?
The correct answer is
Due to the significant H-bonding in HF, a given amount of HF requires more energy to move from the liquid to the vapour state (l). Among the many hydrogen halides, HF has the greatest molar enthalpy of vaporisation.
The amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to a liquid material in order to convert a portion of that substance into a gas is referred to as the enthalpy of vaporisation (symbol Hvap), also known as the (latent) heat of vaporisation or heat of evaporation. The pressure at which the transition occurs affects the enthalpy of vaporisation.The enthalpy of vaporisation is frequently stated for the substance's typical boiling point. Despite the fact that tabulated values are often adjusted to 298 K, the error in the observed value is frequently less.
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